What is Macular Degeneration & Other FAQs

Macular Degeneration:
Causes, Types, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the leading cause of vision loss in individuals aged 60 and above. The condition primarily affects the macula, the central portion of the retina, leading to a deterioration in central vision.

In this article, our eye doctors delve into the various aspects of AMD, including its types, symptoms, hereditary factors, prevention strategies, available treatments, and the latest advancements in early detection.

WHAT IS AMD?

AMD primarily impacts direct vision, such as when reading or watching television. Vision becomes distorted and blurry, eventually leading to a central blank patch. While typically affecting both eyes, AMD does not compromise peripheral vision.

WHAT IS JUVENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION?

Juvenile macular degeneration encompasses several inherited eye diseases affecting children and young adults. These conditions arise from gene mutations passed down through families. While there is no cure, visual aids, adaptive training, and other assistive measures can help individuals manage the disease.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WET AND DRY AMD?

There are two main types of age-related macular degeneration:

Dry Macular Degeneration: This more prevalent form is characterized by yellow deposits called drusen in the macula. Drusen accumulation results in dimming or distortion of vision, affecting activities like reading. In advanced cases, it can lead to blind spots and central vision loss.

Wet Macular Degeneration: Accounting for 10-15% of AMD cases, the wet form is caused by abnormal blood vessel growth from the choroid beneath the macula. These vessels leak fluid into the retina, causing distorted vision. If left untreated, bleeding and scarring may lead to permanent central vision loss.

WHAT ARE THE COMMON AMD SYMPTOMS I SHOULD WATCH FOR?

Recognizing early signs is crucial. Symptoms include difficulty reading small print, distorted straight lines, and a decline in overall vision clarity. If any of these signs manifest, scheduling an eye appointment with an optometrist is vital.

If you think you notice any early signs of AMD it is important to schedule an eye appointment with one of our optometrists.

WHAT CAUSES MACULAR DEGENERATION & WHAT ARE THE RISKS?

While the precise causes of AMD are not fully understood, certain factors increase the risk:

• Age: More common in individuals over 65, but can occur in their 40s and 50s.
• Gender: More prevalent in women, possibly due to longer life expectancy.
• Genetics: A combination of genetic and environmental factors.
• Smoking: Significantly raises the risk; quitting smoking can reduce it.
• Sunlight: Exposure to high levels of sunlight and UV rays.
• Diet: Some evidence suggests that vitamins A, C, and E, along with zinc, can slow AMD progression.

IS AMD HEREDITARY?

“Is macular degeneration genetic?” While some genes are associated with AMD development, not all cases are thought to be inherited. Genetic predisposition may contribute to the risk, but other factors also play a role.

WHAT ARE MY MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENT OPTIONS?

Our Markham optometrists can recommend suitable treatments based on specific symptoms. While there is no cure for AMD, various interventions can delay progression and improve vision. Early detection is facilitated by OCT eye scans, now offered by Unionville Optometry.

HOW TO PREVENT AMD?

There are several proven strategies that can help prevent AMD:

• Stop smoking
• Reduce your exposure to sunlight by wearing sunglasses
• Eat a healthy diet including green leafy vegetables

IS THERE A CURE FOR AMD?

While a cure for macular degeneration remains elusive, ongoing research and advancements provide hope for future treatment improvements. You can stay informed by referring to reputable sources such as the National Eye Institute. Visit our eye care resources page for additional helpful information.

For additional tips on eye health and preventing eye strain, especially during activities like watching TV, explore our post on how to prevent eye strain.

Contact Unionville Optometry in Markham ON

Understanding the causes, types, symptoms, and available treatments for AMD will empower you to take proactive steps towards your eye health. Regular eye check-ups, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and staying abreast of the latest developments in eye care will also help to contribute to your overall well-being.

Please call our Unionville Optometry office at 1-905-477-4488 to make an appointment with Dr. David Innamorato or Dr. Krista Innamorato today or to learn more about age-related macular degeneration.

If you suffer from dry eye syndrome, come visit us in our dry eye clinic.